The wildlife of Azerbaijan consists of its flora and fauna and their natural habitats. The symbol of fauna in Azerbaijan is the Karabakh horse (Azeri: Qarabağ atı) which is a mountain-steppe racing and riding horse which can be found only in Azerbaijan. It is one of the oldest breeds, with ancestry dating to the ancient world. The horse was originally developed in the Karabakh region in the 5th century and is named after it. The natural habitat of various types of animals in Azerbaijan is diverse. Some species only populate specific areas (lakes, parts of mountainous areas) while others are spread throughout the country. For example, passerines can be found throughout the whole of Azerbaijan. Protozoa parasites are also registered in all areas of the country, depending on natural habitat of carrier animals (cattle, poultry, etc.). Among mammals, gazelles populate the plains, Caucasian goat inhabits the major Caucasus areas, and most species of birds can be found in forests or water basins. Pest insects can be found in agricultural fields, while others populate defined biotopes only. A number of natural preserves have been created and the hunting rules were brought into effect for protection of fur and hoofed animals in Azerbaijan.
Fauna
Azerbaijan's animal kingdom owes its diversity to the variety of climates and biomes that can be found within Azerbaijani territory.
Mammals
Azerbaijan has the highest number of mammal species in Europe. Some 107 species of mammals have been recorded in Azerbaijan, three of which are unique to the country. Well-known species include Caucasian goats and west-Caucasus mouflons which inhabit Nakhichevan and western slopes of the Greater Caucasus in Balakan, Qabala, Zaqatala and Ismayilli regions. Jeyran gazelles are among the rarest and fastest species in the Caucasus. These species can only be found in Shirvan State Reserve, Bendovan and Korchay regions of Azerbaijan.
Insectivores Eastern European hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor Northern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus roumanicos Long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus Levantine mole, Talpa levantis Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedti Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon Transcaucasian water shrew, Neomys schelkovnikovi White-toothed pygmy shrew, Suncus etruscus Caspian shrew, Crocidura caspica
Bats European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii Lesser mouse-eared bat, Myotis blythii Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Botta's serotine bat, Eptesicus bottae Mehely's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus mehelyi Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus Brown long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus Noctule bat, Nyctalus noctula Savi's pipistrelle, Hypsugo savii Nathusius's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus Bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale Blasius' horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus blasii Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri Eastern barbastelle bat, Barbastella leucomelas Western barbastelle bat, Barbastella barbastellus Bechstein's bat, Myotis bechsteinii Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus Leisler's bat, Nyctalus leisleri Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssonii Soprano pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pygmaeus
Lagomorphs European hare, Lepus europaeus European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus
Rodents House mouse, Mus musculus Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus (introduced) Pigmy field mouse, Apodemus uralensis Yellow-breasted mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus Grey hamster, Cricetulus migratorius Water vole, Arvicola terrestris Social vole, Microtus socialis Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica Libyan jird, Meriones libycus Tristram's jird, Meriones tristami Persian jird, Meriones persicus Vinogradov's jird, Meriones vinogradovi Midday gerbil, Meriones meridianus Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti Azerbaijani mouse-like hamster, Calomyscus urartensis Transcaucasian mole vole, Ellobius lutescens House mouse, Mus abbotti Fat dormouse, Glis glis Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula Common vole, Microtus arvalis Snow vole, Chionomys nivalis Caucasian snow vole, Chionomys gud Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius Harvest mouse, Micromys minutus Schelkovnikov's pine vole, Microtus schelkovnikovi Caucasus field mouse, Apodemus hyrcanicus Daghestan pine vole, Microtus daghestanicus Major's pine vole, Microtus majori Nasarov's vole, Microtus nasarovi Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris Indian porcupine, Hystrix leucura Roof rat, Rattus rattus Coypu, Myocastor coypus
Carnivores
Grey wolf, Canis lupus Caspian Sea wolf, Canis lupus campestris Golden jackal, Canis aureus Red fox, Vulpes vulpes Beech marten, Martes foina Caucasian badger, Meles canescens Least weasel, Mustela nivalis European otter, Lutra lutra Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx Brown bear, Ursus arctos Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena Pine marten, Martes martes European wildcat, Felis silvestris Marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna Jungle cat, Felis chaus Persian leopard, Panthera pardus saxicolor Raccoon, Procyon lotor (introduced) Extinct are:
Asiatic cheetah since the 18th century Caspian tiger since the beginning of the 20th century Asiatic lion since the Middle Ages
Pinnipeds Caspian seal, Pusa caspica
Even-toed ungulates Wild boar, Sus scrofa Moose, Alces alces (extirpated) Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus Red deer, Cervus elaphus Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa Chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra Wild goat, Capra aegagrus Asiatic mouflon, Ovis orientalis East Caucasian tur, Capra cylindricornis Aurochs, Bos primigenius (extinct) European bison, Bison bonasus (extirpated)
Fish
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![Wildlife of Azerbaijan: The Azeri Nabran Forest has some of the oldest trees in the world. The average age is 500 years.[citation needed]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Azeri_Forest.jpg/1280px-Azeri_Forest.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail)
