computer science

World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America

World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America is a computer science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America rather than just read about it. In short: Under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, there are 329 biosphere reserves recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America (as of September 2025). These are distributed across 43 countries in the region.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, there are 329 biosphere reserves recognized as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America (as of September 2025). These are distributed across 43 countries in the region. Biosphere reserves operating under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme aim to achieve three mandate management objectives of conservation, sustainable socio-economic development, and logistic support.

Network Below is the list of biosphere reserves in Europe and North America, organized by country/territory, along with the year these were designated as part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. The list does not include the Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean, a biosphere reserve shared between Morocco and Spain, which has been classified as part of the Arab States region.

Albania Ohrid-Prespa (2014) (shared with North Macedonia)

Andorra Ordino (2020)

Austria

(Gossenköllesee (1977) - withdrawn in 2014) (Gurgler Kamm (1977) - withdrawn in 2014) (Lobau (1977) - withdrawn in 2016) (Neusiedler See (1977) - withdrawn in 2016) Großwalsertal (since 2000) Wienerwald (since 2005) Salzburger Lungau & Kärntner Nockberge (since 2012)

Belarus Berezinsky Biosphere Reserve (1978) Belovezhskaya Pushcha (1993) West Polesie Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (2004)

Bulgaria (Dupkata (1977, withdrawn in 2017)) (Kamtchia (1977, withdrawn in 2017)) (Kupena (1977, withdrawn in 2017)) (Steneto (1977, merged in 2017)) (Boatin (1977, merged in 2017)) (Tsarichina (1977, merged in 2017)) (Dzhendema (1977, merged in 2017)) Ali Botush (1977) Bistrishko Branishte (1977) Bayuvi Dupki–Dzhindzhiritsa (1977) (in Pirin National Park) Mantaritza (1977) Uzunbodzhak (1977) Parangalitsa (1977) (in Rila National Park) Srebarna (1977) Chervenata stena (1977) Chuprene (1977) Central Balkan National Park (created in 2017 by merging four extant reserves)

Canada Mont Saint-Hilaire (1978) Waterton (1979) Long Point (1986) Riding Mountain (1986) Charlevoix (1988) Niagara Escarpment (1990) Clayoquot Sound (2000) Redberry Lake (2000) Lac Saint-Pierre (2000) Mount Arrowsmith (2000) Southwest Nova (2001) Frontenac Arch (2002) Georgian Bay (2004) Manicouagan Uapishka (2007) Fundy (2007) Bras d'Or Lake (2011) Beaver Hills (2016) Tsá Tué (2016) Howe Sound (2021)

Croatia Velebit Mountain (1977) Mura Drava Danube (2012)

Czechia Krivoklátsko (1977) Trebon Basin (1977) Sumava (1990) Bílé Karpaty (1996) Lower Morava (2003)

Czechia and Poland Krkonoše/Karkonosze (1992)

Denmark North-East Greenland (1977) Møn (2017)

Estonia West Estonian Archipelago (1990)

Finland North Karelian (1992) Petkeljärvi National Park Patvinsuo National Park Archipelago Sea Area (1994)

France Commune de Fakarava (1977) Vallée du Fango (1977) Camargue (Rhône River Delta) (1977) Cévennes (1984) Iroise (1988) Mont Ventoux (1990) Archipel de la Guadeloupe (1992) Luberon (1997) Forest of Fontainebleau (1998) Fontainebleau et du Gatinais (1998) Dordogne Watershed (2012) Marais Audomarois (2013) Gorges du Gardon (2015)

France and Germany Palatinate Forest–North Vosges (1998)

France and Italy Monte Viso (2014)

Georgia Dedoplistskaro (2022) Three Alazani Rivers (2022)

Germany Middle Elbe (1979) Vessertal-Thuringian Forest (1979) Bavarian Forest (1981) Berchtesgaden Alps (1990) Wadden Sea and Hallig Islands of Schleswig-Holstein (1990) Schorfheide-Chorin (1990) Spreewald (1991) Rügen (1991) Rhön (1991) Lower Saxon Wadden Sea (1992) Hamburg Wadden Sea (1992) Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape (1996) Schaalsee (2000) Bliesgau (2009) Swabian Alb (2009) Black Forest (2017)

Greece Gorge of Samaria (1981) Mount Olympus (1981) Asterousia Mountain Range (2020)

Hungary Aggtelek National Park(1979) Hortobágy National Park (1979) Kiskunság National Park (1979) Pilis (1980) Fertő-Hanság National Park (1991) UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 1979

Ireland North Bull Island (1981) Killarney (1982)

Israel Mount Carmel (1996) Megiddo (2011)

Italy Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo (1977) Circeo (1977) Miramare (1979) Cilento and Vallo di Diano (1997) Somma-Vesuvio and Miglio d'Oro (1997) Valle del Ticino (2002), then Ticino Val Grande Verbano (2018) Tuscan Islands (2003) Selva Pisana (2004) Monviso (2013) Sila (2014) Tepilora, Rio Posada and Montalbo (2017) Monte Peglia (2018) Valle Camonica - Alto Sebino (2018) Alpi Ledrensi e Judicaria (2015)

Kazakhstan Almaty Biosphere Reserve (2020) Barsakelmes Biosphere Reserve (2016) Katon-Karagay National Park (2014) Karatau Nature Reserve (2017) West Altai Biosphere Reserve (2020) Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve (2015) Altyn-Emel National Park (2017) Akzhayik Nature Reserve (2014) Kolsai Kolderi (2021) Zhongar-Alatau National Park (2018) Korgalzhyn Nature Reserve (2012) Charyn National Park (2018) Burabay National Park (2022) Alakol Biosphere Reserve (2013) Markakol (2022)

Latvia North Vidzeme (1997)

Lithuania Žuvintas (2002)

Luxembourg Minett (2020)

Montenegro Tara River Basin (1976)

Netherlands Waddensea Area (1986, withdrawn 2018)* Maasheggen (2018)

North Macedonia Ohrid-Prespa (2014) (shared with Albania)

Norway Nordhordland (2019)

Poland

Babia Góra Massif (1976) Białowieża Forest (1976) Łuknajno Lake (1976) Słowiński (1976) Tatra Mountains (1992) (Cross-border with Slovakia) Karkonosze (1992) (shared with the Czech Republic) East Carpathian (1998) (Cross-border with Slovakia and Ukraine) Kampinos Forest (2000) West Polesie (2002) (Cross-border with Ukraine and Belarus) (2012) Tuchola Forest (2010)

Portugal Paúl do Boquilobo (1981) Corvo Island (2007) Graciosa Island (2007) Flores Island (2009) Castro Verde (2017)

Portugal and Spain Geres/Xures (2009) Meseta Ibérica (2015)

Republic of Moldova Lower Prut (2018)

Romania Pietrosul Mare (1979) Retezat (1979)

Romania and Ukraine Danube Delta (1998)

… excerpt ends here. Continue reading the full article.

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In computer science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America

In research: World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America appears in computer science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics Biosphere reserves, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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Frequently asked questions

What is World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America in simple terms?

Why does World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America matter?

Because it connects several computer science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Europe and North America.