science

Zdenka Samish

Zdenka Samish is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Zdenka Samish rather than just read about it. In short: Zdenka Samish (Hebrew: זדנקה סמיש, also spelled Samisch) (March 13, 1904 – March 8, 2008) was a Czech-Israeli food technology researcher. One of the first agricultural researchers in Mandatory Palestine and then Israel, she studied methods for industrial processing of fruits and vegetables, canning, and food infestation.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Zdenka Samish (Hebrew: זדנקה סמיש, also spelled Samisch) (March 13, 1904 – March 8, 2008) was a Czech-Israeli food technology researcher. One of the first agricultural researchers in Mandatory Palestine and then Israel, she studied methods for industrial processing of fruits and vegetables, canning, and food infestation. Her research was published in numerous peer-reviewed journals. She was director of the Department of Food Technology at the Agricultural Research Station (Volcani Center) in Rehovot from the early 1950s to 1969.

Early life and education Zdenka (Devorah) Kohn was born in Prague to Otto and Vilma Kohn. Active in the Zionist youth movement, she immigrated to Palestine in 1924. In 1926 she and her husband, Moshe Rudolf Samish, also a Czech native, went to California to complete their degrees at UC Davis and UC Berkeley. She received her B.S. in 1931 at UC Davis and her M.A. in household science in 1933 at UC Berkeley; her masters thesis was on "The Effect of Excess Viosterol and of Parathyroid Extract upon the Tissues of Rats".

Career In 1934 the couple returned to Palestine and she began working as a chemist at a fruit canning factory in Rehovot. In 1937 she joined the experimental research station in that city, and in 1946 was named director of the laboratory for canned fruits and vegetables. In 1949 she became an instructor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot on the subject of food technology. After 1951 she became director of food technology at the Agricultural Research Station in Rehovot.

Research

In 1946 Samish received a grant from the Mandatory government to develop methods for producing juices and concentrates from citrus fruits. In 1947 she received a U.S. patent for the manufacture of dried citrus fruit paste (fruit leather). Other research projects included a joint U.S.-Israeli study of microorganisms found in fruit and vegetable pulp; techniques for squeezing olives and producing olive oil; tomato paste production; industrial processing of potatoes and peaches; and freezing and dehydrating vegetables. Her research on "bloaters" – cucumbers that float to the surface instead of staying in the brine during the pickling process – was reported in the U.S. publications Science News and Organic Gardening and Farming. Samish served as a consultant on planning committees for food production and helped draw up standards for food products in institutions in Israel and abroad. She also introduced the subject of canning to agricultural schools in Israel. Although she retired in 1969, she continued her research at the Volcani Center for several more years. She was appointed as an official representative of the Ministry of Agriculture's Fruit Council in 1979.

Awards and honors In 1992 she was honored as a Worthy Agricultural Researcher (Hebrew: יקיר המחקר החקלאי) for being one of the first agricultural researchers in Mandatory Palestine. In 1996 she was honored as a Worthy Citizen of the City of Rehovot.

Personal life She and her husband, Moshe Rudolf Samish, PhD (1904–1975), had two sons. He worked in the experimental research station in Rehovot in the area of plantations, as director of the Division of Pomology and Viticulture at the Agricultural Research Station (Volcani Center), and as a professor in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot. Zdenka Samish died on March 8, 2008, less than a week shy of her 104th birthday, and was buried beside her husband in the Rehovot Old Cemetery.

Selected bibliography Shomer, I.; Flavian, Solange; Samish, Zdenka; Ben-Gera, I. (June 1973). "Concentration of solutions by vertical-gradient freezing". International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 8 (2): 157–162. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1973.tb01701.x. Ludin, A.; Samish, Zdenka; Levi, A.; Hershkowitz, Ester (June 1969). "Studies on the quality characteristics of canned grapefruit segments". International Journal of Food Science & Technology. 4 (2): 171–177. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1969.tb01511.x. Juven, B.; Samish, Zdenka; Henis, Y.; Jacoby, B. (June 1968). "Mechanism of Enhancement of Lactic Acid Fermentation of Green Olives by Alkali and Heat Treatments". Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 31 (2): 200–207. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1968.tb00358.x. Coussin, B. R.; Samish, Zdenka (March 1968). "The free amino acids of Israeli orange juice". Journal of Food Science. 33 (2): 196–199. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb01349.x. Samish, Zdenka; Conssin, B. R. (1965). "The production of dehydrated flakes as a means of utilizing surplus bananas". Israel Journal of Agricultural Research. 15 (1): 49–51. Samish, Zdenka; Etinger-Tulczynska, R.; Bick, Miriam (May 1963). "The Microflora Within the Tissue of Fruits and Vegetables". Journal of Food Science. 28 (3): 259–266. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1963.tb00194.x. Samish, Zdenka; Etinger-Tulczynska, R. (28 June 1962). "Distribution of Bacteria Within the Tissue of Healthy Tomatoes" (PDF). Applied Microbiology. 11 (1): 7–10. doi:10.1128/am.11.1.7-10.1963. PMC 1057926. PMID 13991315. Samish, Zdenka; Etinger-Tulczynska, R.; Bick, Miriam (1961). "Microflora Within Healthy Tomatoes". Applied Microbiology. 9 (1): 20–25. doi:10.1128/AEM.9.1.20-25.1961. PMC 1057663. PMID 13745913. Samish, Z.; Dimant, D. (1959). "Bacterial population in fresh, healthy cucumbers". Food Manufacturing. 34: 17–20. Samish, Z.; Dimant, D.; Marani, T. (1957). "Hollowness in cucumber pickles". Food Manufacturing. 32: 501–505. Samish, Zdenka; Cohen, Aryeh (1949). הרכב תפוח-הזהב בישראל [The Golden Apple Car in Israel]. Jewish Agency for Israel. Morgan, Agnes Fay; Samisch, Zdenka (1934). "The Sequence and Extent of Tissue Changes Produced by Viosterol and Parathyroid Extract". Proceedings of the American Society of Biological Chemists: lxiv.

Notes

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Zdenka Samish

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Zdenka Samish claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Zdenka Samish before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Zdenka Samish ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Zdenka Samish

In research: Zdenka Samish appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Zdenka Samish in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Zdenka Samish is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1904 births, 2007 deaths, Ashkenazi Jews in Mandatory Palestine, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Zdenka Samish outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Zdenka Samish in 20 minutes

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Frequently asked questions

What is Zdenka Samish in simple terms?

Why does Zdenka Samish matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Zdenka Samish?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Zdenka Samish.