science

Zenta Mauriņa

Zenta Mauriņa is a science topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Zenta Mauriņa rather than just read about it. In short: Zenta Mauriņa (15 December 1897 – 25 April 1978) was a Latvian writer, essayist, translator, and researcher in philology. She was married to the Electronic Voice Phenomena researcher Konstantin Raudive.

Key takeaways

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Reference excerpt

Zenta Mauriņa (15 December 1897 – 25 April 1978) was a Latvian writer, essayist, translator, and researcher in philology. She was married to the Electronic Voice Phenomena researcher Konstantin Raudive. She was nominated for the 1973 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Biography Zenta Mauriņa was born on 15 December 1897 in Lejasciems, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire (now Latvia). Born to doctor Roberts Mauriņš, Zenta spent her childhood in Grobiņa, where, at the age of six, she contracted polio; she used a wheelchair for the rest of her life. After studying at the Russian girls' high school in Liepāja (1913–1915), she studied philosophy at the Latvian University in Riga (1921–1923). After this, she studied philology of Baltic languages (1923–1927). She taught at the Latvian Teachers Institute and at the Latvian University in Riga and in Murmuiza, and achieved her doctorate in philology in 1938, researching the works of Latvian poet and philosopher, Fricis Bārda. At the end of the Second World War, Mauriņa went into exile, first in Germany in 1944, and in 1946 in Sweden, where she became a lecturer at Uppsala University (1949–1963). In 1966, she moved to Bad Krozingen in southern Germany, where she was buried after her death. She died on 25 April 1978 in a hospital in Basel, Switzerland.

Works Up to 1944, Mauriņa published 19 books in Latvia, including monographs on Latvian writers Rainis, Jānis Poruks, Anna Brigadere and Fricis Bārda, as well as on Dostoyevsky and Dante. During this period, she also wrote her novel, Life on a Train (1941). After the war, she published 20 books in Latvian, and 27 in German, and her works have been widely translated into Italian, English, Russian, Swedish, Dutch, Finnish and Danish. Notable among her works in German are:

Works in Latvian Daži pamata motīvi Raiņa mākslā ("Some Basic Motifs in Raina's Art", 1928) Jānis Poruks un romantisms ("Jānis Poruks and Romanticism", 1929) Pārdomas un ieceres ("Thoughts and Ideas", 1934) Baltais ceļš ("The White Way", 1935) Dzīves apliecinātāji ("Affirmers of Life", 1935) Dante tagadnes cilvēka skatījumā ("Dante in the View of the Present Man", 1937, republished in 1952) Friča Bārdas pasaules uzskats ("Fritz Beard's Worldview", 1938) Saules meklētāji ("Sun Seekers", 1938) Grāmata par cilvēkiem un lietām ("A Book of Men and Things", 1938) Ziemeļu tēmas un variācijas ("Northern Themes and Variations", 1939) Neaizsūtītā vēstule ("The Unsent Letter", 1940) Dzīves vilcienā ("On the Train of Life", 1941) Prometeja gaismā ("Prometheus in the Light", 1943) Kultūras saknes ("Roots of Culture", 1944) Trīs brāļi ("Three Brothers", 1946) Tilti ("The Bridges", 1947) Sirds mozaīka ("Mosaic of the Heart", 1947) Spīts ("Spite", 1949) Uguns gari ("Spirits of Fire", 1951) Sāpju noslēpums ("The Secret of Pain", 1952) Frančeska ("Francesca", 1952) Latviešu esejas ("Latvian Essays", 1953) Traģiskais skaistums ("Tragic Beauty", 1954) Cilvēces sargi ("Guardians of Mankind", 1955) Tālā gaita ("The Long Walk", 1955: Autobiographical Novel – Part 1) Septiņi viesi ("Seven Guests", 1957) Iedrīkstēties ir skaisti ("To Dare Is Beautiful", 1958: Autobiographical Novel – Part 2) Dzelzs aizbīdņi lūst ("Iron Bolts Are Breaking", 1960: Autobiographical Novel – Part 3) Apnicība un steiga ("Boredom and Haste", 1962) Sākumā bija prieks ("In the Beginning There Was Joy", 1965) Trimdas traģika ("The Tragedy of Exile", 1965–1966: Swedish Diaries 1946–1951) Pasaules vārtos ("At the World's Gate", 1968: Swedish Diaries 1951–1958) Bērza tāss ("The Birch Tree", 1971) Dzintargraudi ("Ambergris", 1975) Zemes dziesma ("Song of the Earth", 1976) Manas saknes ir debesīs ("My Roots Are in the Sky", 1980: Diaries 1972–1978)

Works in German Mosaik des Herzens ("Mosaic of the Heart", 1947), essays Die weite Fahrt ("The Long Journey", 1951), autobiography Dostojewskij ("Dostoevsky", 1952), biography Die eisernen Riegel zerbrechen ("Iron Shutters Break", 1957) Im Anfang war die Freude ("In the Beginning There Was Joy", 1964), short stories Die Aufgabe des Dichters in unserer Zeit ("The Task of the Poet in Our Age", 1965), essays Porträts russischer Schriftsteller ("Portraits of Russian Writers", 1968), essays Kleines Orchester der Hoffnung ("The Little Orchestra of Hope", 1974), essays

Awards Officer Cross, of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1968) PBLA (World Free Latvians Association) Award (1969) Konrad Adenauer Prize, for literature (1971) Honorary citizen of Bad Krozingen (1977)

References

Illustrations

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Zenta Mauriņa

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Zenta Mauriņa claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In science, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Zenta Mauriņa before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Zenta Mauriņa ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Zenta Mauriņa

In research: Zenta Mauriņa appears in science research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Zenta Mauriņa in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Zenta Mauriņa is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1897 births, 1978 deaths, 20th-century Latvian translators, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Zenta Mauriņa outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Zenta Mauriņa in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Zenta Mauriņa means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
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Frequently asked questions

What is Zenta Mauriņa in simple terms?

Why does Zenta Mauriņa matter?

Because it connects several science ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Zenta Mauriņa?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Zenta Mauriņa.