astronomy

Zindel Segal

Zindel Segal is a astronomy topic covered in the lgStudy science library. This page brings together a partial reference excerpt, illustrations, worked examples, real-world applications and a short study plan, so you can understand Zindel Segal rather than just read about it. In short: Zindel V. Segal (born 1956 in Lutsk, Ukraine) is a cognitive psychologist, a specialist on depression and one of the founders of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT).

Key takeaways

Zindel Segal belongs to astronomy; place it in that map before memorising details.
Learn the definition first, then one example that makes the definition concrete.
Connect Zindel Segal to a quantity you can measure, compute or draw — that is where exam questions come from.
Reproduce the core statement of Zindel Segal from memory before moving on to harder problems.

Reference excerpt

Zindel V. Segal (born 1956 in Lutsk, Ukraine) is a cognitive psychologist, a specialist on depression and one of the founders of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). A professor of psychology at University of Toronto, Segal combines mindfulness with conventional cognitive behavioral therapy, which teaches patients to develop a different relationship to sadness or unhappiness by observing and without judgment. Presently he is Distinguished Professor of Psychology in Mood Disorders in the Department of Psychology at the University of Toronto Scarborough. He is also the Director of Clinical Training in the Graduate Department of Clinical Psychological Science.

Career When he first started working on the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) project, he was studying how depression alters a person's self-image. His research included measuring a depressed patient's self-image by calculating the time it took her to react to positive or negative information about her. David Kupfer, who was head of the Psychobiology of Depression Research Network of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, asked Segal to create a "maintenance" version of cognitive therapy which could be used to fight depression relapse after one had recovered from an acute episode. This need for a new therapy became Zindel Segal's new passion. He is the author of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression. His research has helped to characterize psychological markers of relapse vulnerability to affective disorder. Among the books he has authored are Interpersonal Process in Cognitive Therapy, Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A new approach for preventing relapse. A Founding Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy, he was awarded the Douglas Utting Prize for significant contributions to the understanding and treatment of depression and the Hope Award by the Mood Disorders Association of Ontario. He continues to advocate for the relevance of mindfulness-based clinical care in psychiatry and mental health.

Works The Self in emotional distress: cognitive and psychodynamic perspectives, by Zindel V. Segal, Sidney Jules Blatt. Guilford Press, 1993. ISBN 0-89862-256-5. Interpersonal process in cognitive therapy, by Jeremy D. Safran, Zindel V. Segal. Pub. Jason Aronson, 1996. ISBN 1-56821-858-3. Depression and the self, by Sidney Jules Blatt, Zindel V. Segal. Wiley, 1997. Abnormal Psychology, by Zindel V. Segal, Christopher D. Webster. Canadian Scholars Pr, 1998. ISBN 0-921627-48-3. Vulnerability to Depression by Rick E. Ingram, Ruth Ann Atchley, & Zindel V. Segal. The Guilford Press, 2011. ASIN: B00E2RR668 Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression 2nd Ed by Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams & John D. Teasdale. Guilford Press, 2013. ISBN 978-1462507504 Cognitive-behavioral treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: the brain-gut connection, by Brenda B. Toner, Zindel V. Segal, Shelagh D. Emmott. Guilford Press, 2000. ISBN 1-57230-135-X. The Mindful Way Through Depression: Freeing yourself from chronic unhappiness, by J. Mark G. Williams, John D. Teasdale, Zindel V. Segal, Jon Kabat-Zinn. Guilford Press, 2007. ISBN 1-59385-128-6. The Mindful Way Workbook: An 8-Week Program to Free Yourself from Depression and Emotional Distress. by John D. Teasdale, J. Mark G. Williams & Zindel V. Segal. Guilford Press, 2014. ISBN 978-1462508143.

References

Worked examples

Example 1 — a first encounter with Zindel Segal

Start with the simplest possible case. Write down what Zindel Segal claims or describes in one sentence, then invent the smallest concrete situation in which that sentence is true. In astronomy, the smallest case is usually a single object, a single equation or a single measurement. Check that every symbol or term in your sentence has a meaning in that case.

Example 2 — changing one variable

Take the situation from Example 1 and change exactly one quantity: double it, halve it, or set it to zero. Predict what should happen to Zindel Segal before you calculate. Comparing your prediction with the result is the fastest way to find out whether you understand the idea or only the words.

Example 3 — an exam-style question

Typical questions about Zindel Segal ask you to (a) state it precisely, (b) apply it to given data, and (c) explain a limitation. Practise writing all three answers in under five minutes; the third part is what separates a full-mark answer from an average one.

Applications of Zindel Segal

In research: Zindel Segal appears in astronomy research whenever the underlying quantities have to be modelled precisely. Papers usually cite it as a starting assumption and then explore where it breaks down.
In technology and industry: Engineering practice reuses Zindel Segal in design rules, simulations and safety margins. Knowing the idea lets you read a specification sheet and understand why the numbers look the way they do.
In the classroom: Zindel Segal is common in secondary-school and first-year university syllabi. It links to neighbouring topics 1956 births, Academic staff of the University of Toronto Scarborough, Canadian psychologists, so understanding it makes those chapters shorter.
In everyday life: Look for Zindel Segal outside the textbook — in sport, cooking, traffic, electronics or the sky above you. An example you found yourself is remembered far longer than one you were given.

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How to study Zindel Segal in 20 minutes

Read the reference excerpt below once, without taking notes.
Close the page and write down what Zindel Segal means in your own words.
Compare your version with the excerpt and mark what you missed.
Work through the three examples above with pen and paper.
Explain Zindel Segal out loud to somebody else — or to Teacher Smith in the lgStudy chat.

Frequently asked questions

What is Zindel Segal in simple terms?

Zindel V. Segal (born 1956 in Lutsk, Ukraine) is a cognitive psychologist, a specialist on depression and one of the founders of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT).

Why does Zindel Segal matter?

Because it connects several astronomy ideas at once: it gives you a definition you can apply, a quantity you can calculate, and a way to check whether a result is plausible.

How should I study Zindel Segal?

Read the excerpt, restate it from memory, then work through the examples and applications listed on this page. The five-step study plan above takes about twenty minutes.

What does this page cover?

It gives you a compact reference excerpt plus original lgStudy explanations, examples, applications and study material on Zindel Segal.